SOE Archive

Question Papers

• 2024
• 2023
• CIE

Notes

• Fourier Series: Periodic functions, Dirichlet’s condition. Fourier series of periodic functions period 2 and arbitrary period. Half range Fourier series. Application of Practical harmonic analysis.

  Module 1

• Fourier Transforms: Infinite Fourier transforms, Fourier sine and cosine transforms. Inverse Fourier transforms. Problems.

  Module 2

• Difference Equations and Z-Transforms: Difference equations, basic definition, z-transform-definition, Standard z transforms, Damping and shifting rules, initial value and final value theorems (without proof) and problems, Inverse z transform and applications to solve difference equations.

  Module 3

• Partial Differential Equations (PDE's): Formation of PDE's by elimination of arbitrary constants and functions. Solution of non-homogeneous PDE by direct integration. Homogeneous PDEs involving derivative with respect to one independent variable only. Solution of Lagrange's linear PDE. Derivation of one-dimensional heat equation and wave equation. Solution of one-dimensional heat equation and wave equation by the method of separation of variables.

  Module 4

• Statistical Methods: Correlation and regression-Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation and rank correlation-problems. Regression analysis- lines of regression –problems.
  
  Curve Fitting: Curve fitting by the method of least squares- fitting the curves of the form- 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 , 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥^𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥² + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐.

  Module 5

Question Papers

• 2023

Notes

• Module 1
  

  BJT Biasing: Introduction, operating point, Fixed-bias configuration, Emitter-bias configuration, Voltage-divider biasing, Collector feedback bias, Emitter follower configuration. Current mirror circuits, Bias stabilization, Application of BJT as Rely Driver, Switch and constant current source.

• Module 2
  

  AC Analysis of BJT: Introduction, BJT modeling, re transistor model: Common Emitter and fixed bias configuration, Voltage divider bias, CE Emitter-bias Configuration, Emitter follower configuration, Cascaded Systems, mention of Cascode& Darlington connection and its application. The Hybrid equivalent model, Approximate Hybrid equivalent circuit: Fixed bias configuration, Voltage-divider configuration, Hybrid model.

• Module 3
  

  FET Biasing: Introduction, Fixed-bias configuration, Self-bias configuration, Voltage-divider biasing.
  
  FET Amplifiers: Introduction, JFET Small signal model, JFET AC equivalent circuit, Fixed- bias configuration, Self-bias configuration with by passed source resistance, Voltage-divider configuration, Source follower configuration.

• Module 4
  

  BJT and JFET Frequency Response: Introduction, General Frequency Considerations, Low Frequency Response of BJT Amplifier, Low Frequency Response of FET Amplifier, Miller Effect Capacitance, High frequency response of BJT Amplifier, High frequency response of FET Amplifier Multistage frequency effects.

• Module 5
  

  Power Amplifiers: Introduction, Series Fed Class A Amplifier, Transformer-Coupled Class A Amplifier, Class B Amplifier operation.
  Class B amplifier circuits: Transformer-Coupled Push-Pull and Complementary–Symmetry circuits, Amplifier Distortion.
  
  Feedback and Oscillator Circuits: Feedback concepts, Feedback connection types, effects of negative feedback, Practical feedback circuits: BJT current series and FET voltage shunt feedback configurations. Oscillator operation, Barkhaunsen’s criteria, RC phase oscillator using BJT, Tuned oscillator Circuits: Colpitts and Hartley oscillators using FET, Crystal oscillator using BJT.

Question Papers

• 2023

Notes

• Module 1
  

  Principles and Design of Combinational Logic: Theorems and Properties of Boolean algebra, Boolean Functions, Definition of combinational logic, Canonical forms, Generation of switching equations from Truth Tables, Relevant Problems

• Module 2
  

  Karnaugh Maps: Minimum forms of switching functions, two and three variable Karnaugh maps, four variable Karnaugh maps, determination of minimum expressions using essential prime implicants, Quine-McClusky Method: determination of prime implicants. Related Problems.

• Module 3
  

  Logic Circuit Design: Arithmetic Operation, Combinational Circuit, Binary Adder, Binary Subtractor, Binary Parallel Adder, The Look-Ahead-Carry Binary Adders, Binary Multipliers, Binary Dividers, Comparator.
  
  Data Processing: Introduction, Decoders: One-to-Two Line Decoder, Two-to-Four Line Decoder, Three-to-Eight Line Decoder, Encoders: Four-to-Two Line Encoder, Four-to-Two Line Priority Encoders, Multiplexers: Two-to-One Multiplexer, Four-to-One Multiplexer, Eight-to-One Multiplexer, Cascading of Multiplexer using Enable, Demultiplexers: One-to-Two Line Demultiplexer, One-to-Four Line Demultiplexer, Casacading of Demultiplexers.

• Module 4
  

  Latches and Flip-Flops: Set Reset Latch, Gated Latches, Edge Triggered D Flip Flop 3, SR Flip Flop, J K Flip Flop, T Flip Flop, Flip Flop with additional inputs, Relevant Problems.

• Module 5
  

  Design of Sequential Circuits: Introduction, Notations, Moore and Mealy Sequential Circuits, Analysis of Asynchronous Sequential Circuits.
  
  Registers and Counters: Introduction, Registers, Shift Registers, Ripple Counters, Synchronous counters, timing sequences, Parallel Adder with accumulator, shift registers, design of Binary counters, counters for other sequences, counter design using SR and J K Flip Flops, sequential parity checker, state tables and graphs.

Question Papers

• 2023

Notes

• Module 1
  

  Homeostasis, Tissue, Cartilage: Levels of structural complexity, The internal environment and homeostasis, Communication, Movement of substances within the body, Body fluids, Cell structure and functions. Tissues: Epithelial tissue (all types), Connective tissue (all types), Cartilage- Hyaline cartilage, Fibrocartilage, Elastic cartilage.

• Module 2
  

  Cardiovascular System: Introduction, Blood vessels- Arteries and Arterioles, Veins and Venules, Capillaries. Control of blood vessel diameter, Blood supply- internal respiration, cell nutrition. Heart- position, structure - pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, interior of the heart. Flow of blood through the heart, blood supply to heart. Conducting system of the heart, factors affecting heart rate, Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, blood pressure, control of blood pressure, pulse and factors affecting the pulse rate. Circulation of the blood- pulmonary circulation, systemic circulation-aorta (different parts of aorta & their blood supply, in brief). Summary of the main blood vessels (arteries & veins, brief explanation with flow diagram only)

• Module 3
  

  Nervous System: Functional Components of nervous system, Neurons: Properties of neurons, Cell bodies, Axon and Dendrites, Nerve impulse (action potential). Types of nerves, Synapse and neurotransmitters, neuromuscular junction. Central nervous system: Meninges, ventricles of the brain and CSF. Brain: Cerebrum, functions of cerebrum, functional areas of the cerebrum, Brainstem, Cerebellum, Spinal cord- grey matter, white matter, Spinal nerves (in brief list & functions only), Cranial nerves (in brief list & functions only), Autonomic nervous system (in brief)- functions and effects.

• Module 4
  

  Respiratory System: Organs of respiration, Nose and Nasal cavity- position, structure and functions, Pharynx - position, structure, functions. Larynx - position, structure and functions. Trachea - position, structure, functions, Bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli – structure and functions, Lungs- position, associated structure, pleura and pleural cavity. Respiration - muscles of respiration, cycle of respiration, variables affecting respiration, lung volumes and capacity.
  
  Digestive System: Introduction, Organs of the digestive system, Basic structure of the alimentary canal, Stomach - Structure, gastric juice and functions of stomach.

• Module 5
  

  Urinary System: Introduction, Kidneys – Gross structure of kidney, microscopic structure of kidney, Functions of kidney.
  
  Skeletal System: Bone - Types of bone, Bone structure, microscopic structure of bone, Functions of bone. Skull bones (name and position only), Sinuses, Fontanelles, Vertebral column - characteristics of typical vertebra, Different parts of vertebral column (name and position only), Features of vertebral column, Functions of vertebral column. Bones of Thoracic cage (name and position only), Bones of shoulder girdle and upper limb (name and position only), Bones of pelvic girdle and lower limb (name and position only).
  
  Muscles and Joints: Muscle tissue: Skeletal muscle, Smooth muscle, Cardiac muscle, functions of muscle tissue. Types of joint- Fibrous, Cartilaginous, Synovial, Characteristics of synovial joints, shoulder joint, Hip joint, Knee joint.

Question Papers

• 2023

Notes

• Module 1
  

  Introduction to Robotics: Introduction to Robotics and Automation technologies, Brief history of robotics, Robot Anatomy, Four common configurations of Robot, Robot motions-Linear, Rotational, Revolving, twisting, Cylindrical, Spherical.
  Degrees of Freedom of Robot, Introduction to degrees of freedom, three degrees of freedom associated with arm and body polar Robot. Three degrees of freedom associated with robot wrist, Joint notation scheme. Work Volume, links and joints. Introduction to End Effectors-types-basic definitions and operations, Spatial Resolution, Accuracy, Repeatability, and Compliance.

• Module 2
  

  Robot Control Systems: Introduction to Mathematical model of spring mass damper system. The Four types of Robot controls: Limited sequence robots, Playback robots with point to point control, playback robots with continuous path control, intelligent control.
  Robot controllers-On-off, proportional, integral, proportional plus-integral, proportional-plus-derivative, proportional-plus integral plus derivative.

• Module 3
  

  Robot ARM Kinematics: Introduction to manipulator kinematics, Robot position representation, Forward transformation of a 2-degree of freedom Arm, Reverse Transformation of the 2-Degree of freedom Arm.
  
  Robot ARM Dynamics: Introduction to robot arm dynamics, understanding of Dynamics using Euler-Lagrangian-formation method. Only Introduction to Denavit–Hartenberg parameters. Simple problems on transformations.

• Module 4
  

  Robot Sensors and Actuators: Feedbackcomponents: Internal state sensors, external state sensors position,velocitysensors, Resolvers, Encoders.Tactile sensor, Force sensors, Joint sensing, Tactile array sensors, Proximity and range sensors, Introduction to functions of Machine vision systems only.

• Module 5
  

  Introduction to Robot Programming: Methods of Robot Programming-Lead through methods, Textural robot languages, Powered lead through, manual lead through. Introduction to generations of Robot Programming Languages-First Generation Languages-Second generation languages. Robot language structure block diagram. Definitions of Robot Language Elements and its functions, Robot Applications in Engineering and Specific applications in healthcare/Biomedical.-Practical demo

• Module 1
  

  Introduction: Environment - Components of Environment Ecosystem: Types & Structure of Ecosystem, Balanced ecosystem Human Activities – Food, Shelter, And Economic & Social Security.
  
  Impacts: Impacts of Agriculture & Housing Impacts of Industry, Mining & Transportation Environmental Impact Assessment, Sustainable Development.

• Module 2
  

  Natural Resources, Water resources – Availability & Quality aspects, Water borne diseases & water induced diseases, Fluoride problem in drinking water Mineral resources, Forest Wealth Material Cycles – Carbon Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle & Sulphur Cycle.
  
  Energy – Different types of energy, Conventional sources &Non Conventional sources of energy Solar energy, Hydro electric energy, Wind Energy, Nuclear energy, Biomass & Biogas Fossil Fuels, Hydrogen as an alternative energy.

• Module 3
  

  Environmental Pollution – Water Pollution, Noise pollution, Land Pollution, Public Health Aspects.
  
  Global Environmental Issues: Population Growth, Urbanization, Land Management, Water & Waste Water Management

• Module 4
  

  Air Pollution & Automobile Pollution: Definition, Effects – Global Warming, Acid rain & Ozone layer depletion, controlling measures.
  
  Solid Waste Management, E –Source, Segregation, Transportation, and Waste Treatment and Management
  
  &Biomedical Waste Management - Sources, Characteristics & Disposal methods.

• Module 5
  

  Applications of GIS & Remote Sensing and Smart Technologies in Environmental Engineering Practices.
  
  Environmental Legislations: Acts, Rules& Regulations, Role of government, Legal aspects, Role of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs), Environmental Education & Women Education.

• Module 1
  

  Introduction to Value Education: Right Understanding, Relationship and Physical Facility (Holistic Development and the Role of Education) Understanding Value Education, Self exploration as the Process for Value Education, Continuous Happiness and Prosperity – the Basic Human Aspirations, Happiness and Prosperity – Current Scenario, Method to Fulfil the Basic Human Aspirations

• Module 2
  

  Harmony in the Human Being: Understanding Human being as the Co-existence of the Self and the Body, Distinguishing between the Needs of the Self and the Body, The Body as an Instrument of the Self, Understanding Harmony in the Self, Harmony of the Self with the Body, Programme to ensure self regulation and Health

• Module 3
  

  Harmony in the Family and Society: Harmony in the Family – the Basic Unit of Human Interaction, 'Trust' – the Foundational Value in Relationship, 'Respect' – as the Right Evaluation, Other Feelings, Justice in Human-to-Human Relationship, Understanding Harmony in the Society, Vision for the Universal Human Order

• Module 4
  

  Harmony in the Nature/Existence: Understanding Harmony in the Nature, Interconnectedness, self-regulation and Mutual Fulfilment among the Four Orders of Nature, Realizing Existence as Co-existence at All Levels, The Holistic Perception of Harmony in Existence

• Module 5
  

  Implications of the Holistic Understanding – a Look at Professional Ethics: Natural Acceptance of Human Values, Definitiveness of (Ethical) Human Conduct, A Basis for Humanistic Education, Humanistic Constitution and Universal Human Order, Competence in Professional Ethics Holistic Technologies, Production Systems and Management Models Typical Case Studies, Strategies for Transition towards Value based Life and Profession