SOE Archive

Question Papers

• 2023
• 2024
• CIE

Notes

• Fourier Series: Periodic functions, Dirichlet’s condition. Fourier series of periodic functions period 2 and arbitrary period. Half range Fourier series. Application of Practical harmonic analysis.

  Module 1

• Fourier Transforms: Infinite Fourier transforms, Fourier sine and cosine transforms. Inverse Fourier transforms. Problems.

  Module 2

• Difference Equations and Z-Transforms: Difference equations, basic definition, z-transform-definition, Standard z transforms, Damping and shifting rules, initial value and final value theorems (without proof) and problems, Inverse z transform and applications to solve difference equations.

  Module 3

• Partial Differential Equations (PDE's): Formation of PDE's by elimination of arbitrary constants and functions. Solution of non-homogeneous PDE by direct integration. Homogeneous PDEs involving derivative with respect to one independent variable only. Solution of Lagrange's linear PDE. Derivation of one-dimensional heat equation and wave equation. Solution of one-dimensional heat equation and wave equation by the method of separation of variables.

  Module 4

• Statistical Methods: Correlation and regression-Karl Pearson’s coefficient of correlation and rank correlation-problems. Regression analysis- lines of regression –problems.
  
  Curve Fitting: Curve fitting by the method of least squares- fitting the curves of the form- 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 , 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥^𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥² + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐.

  Module 5

Question Papers

• 2023
• 2024
• CIE

Notes

• Introduction: Data Structures, Classifications (Primitive & Non-Primitive), Data structure Operations, Review of Arrays, Structures, Self-Referential Structures, and Unions. Pointers and Dynamic Memory Allocation Functions. Representation of Linear Arrays in Memory, dynamically allocated arrays.
  
  Array Operations: Traversing, inserting, deleting, searching, and sorting. Multidimensional Arrays, Polynomials and Sparse Matrices.
  
  Strings: Basic Terminology, Storing, Operations and Pattern Matching algorithms. Programming Examples.

  Module 1

• Stacks: Definition, Stack Operations, Array Representation of Stacks, Stacks using Dynamic Arrays, Stack Applications: Polish notation, Infix to postfix conversion, evaluation of postfix expression.
  
  Recursion: Factorial, GCD, Fibonacci Sequence, Tower of Hanoi, Ackerman's function.
  
  Queues: Definition, Array Representation, Queue Operations, Circular Queues, Circular queues using Dynamic arrays, Dequeues, Priority Queues, A Mazing Problem. Multiple Stacks and Queues. Programming Examples.

  Module 2

• Linked Lists: Definition, Representation of linked lists in Memory, Memory allocation; Garbage Collection. Linked list operations: Traversing, Searching, Insertion, and Deletion. Doubly Linked lists, Circular linked lists, and header linked lists. Linked Stacks and Queues. Applications of Linked lists – Polynomials, Sparse matrix representation. Programming Examples

  Module 3

• Trees: Terminology, Binary Trees, Properties of Binary trees, Array and linked Representation of Binary Trees, Binary Tree Traversals - Inorder, postorder, preorder; Additional Binary tree operations. Threaded binary trees, Binary Search Trees – Definition, Insertion, Deletion, Traversal, Searching, Application of Trees-Evaluation of Expression, Programming Examples

  Module 4

• Graphs: Definitions, Terminologies, Matrix and Adjacency List Representation of Graphs, Elementary Graph operations, Traversal methods: Breadth First Search and Depth First Search.
  
  Sorting and Searching: Insertion Sort, Radix sort, Address Calculation Sort.
  Hashing: Hash Table organizations, Hashing Functions, Static and Dynamic Hashing.
  
  Files and Their Organization: Data Hierarchy, File Attributes, Text Files and Binary Files, Basic File Operations, File Organizations and Indexing.

  Module 5

Question Papers

• 2023
• 2024
• CIE

Notes

• BJT Biasing: Introduction, operating point, Fixed-bias configuration, Emitter-bias configuration, Voltage-divider biasing, Collector feedback bias, Emitter follower configuration. Current mirror circuits, Bias stabilization, Application of BJT as Rely Driver, Switch and constant current source.

  Module 1

• FET Biasing: Introduction, Fixed-bias configuration, Self bias configuration, Voltage-divider biasing.
  
  FET Amplifiers: Introduction, JFET Small signal model, JFET AC equivalent circuit, Fixed- bias configuration, Self bias configuration with by passed source resistance, Voltage divider configuration, Source follower configuration.

  Module 2

• Principles & Design of Combinational Logic: Theorems and Properties of Boolean algebra, Boolean Functions, Definition of combinational logic, Canonical forms, Generation of switching equations from Truth Tables, Relevant Problems.

  Module 3

• Karnaugh maps: Minimum forms of switching functions, two and three variable Karnaugh maps, four variable karnaugh maps, determination of minimum expressions using essential prime implicants, Quine-McClusky Method: determination of prime implicants. Related Problems.
  
  Logic Circuit Design: Arithmetic Operation Combinational Circuit, Binary Adder, Binary Subtractor, Binary Parallel Adder, The Look-Ahead-Carry Binary Adders, Binary Multipliers, Binary Dividers, Comparator.

  Module 4

• Power Amplifiers: Introduction, Series Fed Class A Amplifier, Transformer-Coupled Class A Amplifier, Class B Amplifier operation.
  Class B amplifier circuits: Transformer-Coupled Push-Pull and Complementary Symmetry circuits, Amplifier Distortion.
  
  Latches and Flip-Flops: Set Reset Latch, Gated Latches, Edge-Triggered D Flip Flop 3, SR Flip Flop, J K Flip Flop, T Flip Flop, Flip Flop with additional inputs, Relevant Problems.

  Module 5

Question Papers

• 2023
• 2024
• CIE

Notes

• Basic Structure of Computers: Basic Operational Concepts, Bus Structures, Performance – Processor Clock, Basic Performance Equation, Clock Rate, Performance Measurement.
  
  Machine Instructions and Programs: Memory Location and Addresses, Memory Operations, Instructions and Instruction Sequencing, Addressing Modes, Assembly Language, Basic Input and Output Operations, Stacks and Queues, Subroutines, Additional Instructions, Encoding of Machine Instructions

  Module 1

• Input/Output Organization: Accessing I/O Devices, Interrupts – Interrupt Hardware, Direct Memory Access, Buses, Interface Circuits, Standard I/O Interfaces – PCI Bus, SCSI Bus, USB.

  Module 2

• Memory System: Basic Concepts, Semiconductor RAM Memories, Read Only Memories, Speed, Size, and Cost, Cache Memories – Mapping Functions, Replacement Algorithms, Performance Considerations.

  Module 3

• Arithmetic: Numbers, Arithmetic Operations and Characters, Addition and Subtraction of Signed Numbers, Design of Fast Adders, Multiplication of Positive Numbers, Signed Operand Multiplication, Fast Multiplication, Integer Division.

  Module 4

• Basic Processing Unit: Some Fundamental Concepts, Execution of a Complete Instruction, Multiple Bus Organization, Hard-wired Control, Micro programmed Control. Pipelining: Basic concepts of pipelining.

  Module 5

Question Papers

• 2023
• 2024
• CIE

Notes

• Introduction: Software Crisis, Need for Software Engineering. Professional Software Development, Software Engineering Ethics. Case Studies. Software Processes: Models: Waterfall Model, Incremental Model and Spiral Model. Process activities.
  
  Requirements Engineering: Requirements Engineering Processes, Requirements Elicitation and Analysis. Functional and non-functional requirements. The software Requirements Document. Requirements Specification. Requirements validation. Requirements Management.

  Module 1

• What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modelling history. Modelling as Design technique: Modelling; abstraction; The Three models.
  
  Introduction, Modelling Concepts and Class Modelling: What is Object orientation? What is OO development? OO Themes; Evidence for usefulness of OO development; OO modelling history. Modelling as Design technique: Modelling; abstraction; The Three models. Class Modelling: Object and Class Concept; Link and associations concepts; Generalization and Inheritance; A sample class model; Navigation of class models;

  Module 2

• System Models: Context models. Interaction models. Structural models. Behavioral models, Model-driven engineering.
  
  Design and Implementation: Introduction to RUP, Design Principles. Object-oriented design using the UML. Design patterns. Implementation issues. Open-source development.

  Module 3

• Software Testing: Development testing, Test-driven development, Release testing, User testing. Test Automation.
  
  Software Evolution: Evolution processes. Program evolution dynamics. Software maintenance. Legacy system management.

  Module 4

• Project Planning: Software pricing. Plan-driven development. Project scheduling: Estimation techniques.
  
  Quality management: Software quality. Reviews and inspections. Software measurement and metrics. Software standards

  Module 5

Question Papers

• 2023
• 2024
• CIE
• QB

Notes

• Sets: Set basics, Venn diagrams, Union, intersection, set difference, complement, Cartesian product, Power sets, Cardinality of finite sets.
  
  Relation: Reflexivity, symmetry, antisymmetry, transitivity, Equivalence relations, partial orders.
  
  Function: Domain, target, and range/image of a function, surjection, injections, bijections, inverses, composition.

  Module 1

• Basic Logic: Propositional logic, Logical connectives, Truth tables, Disjunctive normal form, Validity of a well-formed formula, Propositional inference rules, Universal and existential quantifiers and their negations.
  
  Proof Techniques: Proof by Induction.

  Module 2

• Counting: The basics of counting, the pigeonhole principle, permutations and combinations, recurrence relations, solving recurrence relations, generating functions, inclusion exclusion principle and application of inclusion-exclusion, Basic modular arithmetic.

  Module 3

• Discrete Probability: Finite probability space, events, Properties of events, Conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem, Independence.
  
  Statistical Distribution: Discrete Distribution, Binomial distribution, Gamma distribution, Beta distribution, Chi square distribution, Univariate normal distribution.

  Module 4

• Group theory: Groups, subgroups, generators and evaluation of powers, cosets and Lagrange's theorem, permutation groups and Burnside's theorem, isomorphism, automorphisms, homomorphism, monoids, concepts of rings, fields. Introduction to vector space.

  Module 5

• Module 1
  

  Introduction: Environment - Components of Environment Ecosystem: Types & Structure of Ecosystem, Balanced ecosystem Human Activities – Food, Shelter, And Economic & Social Security.
  
  Impacts: Impacts of Agriculture & Housing Impacts of Industry, Mining & Transportation Environmental Impact Assessment, Sustainable Development.

• Module 2
  

  Natural Resources, Water resources – Availability & Quality aspects, Water borne diseases & water induced diseases, Fluoride problem in drinking water Mineral resources, Forest Wealth Material Cycles – Carbon Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle & Sulphur Cycle.
  
  Energy – Different types of energy, Conventional sources &Non Conventional sources of energy Solar energy, Hydro electric energy, Wind Energy, Nuclear energy, Biomass & Biogas Fossil Fuels, Hydrogen as an alternative energy.

• Module 3
  

  Environmental Pollution – Water Pollution, Noise pollution, Land Pollution, Public Health Aspects.
  
  Global Environmental Issues: Population Growth, Urbanization, Land Management, Water & Waste Water Management

• Module 4
  

  Air Pollution & Automobile Pollution: Definition, Effects – Global Warming, Acid rain & Ozone layer depletion, controlling measures.
  
  Solid Waste Management, E –Source, Segregation, Transportation, and Waste Treatment and Management
  
  &Biomedical Waste Management - Sources, Characteristics & Disposal methods.

• Module 5
  

  Applications of GIS & Remote Sensing and Smart Technologies in Environmental Engineering Practices.
  
  Environmental Legislations: Acts, Rules& Regulations, Role of government, Legal aspects, Role of Nongovernmental Organizations (NGOs), Environmental Education & Women Education.

• Module 1
  

  Introduction to Value Education: Right Understanding, Relationship and Physical Facility (Holistic Development and the Role of Education) Understanding Value Education, Self exploration as the Process for Value Education, Continuous Happiness and Prosperity – the Basic Human Aspirations, Happiness and Prosperity – Current Scenario, Method to Fulfil the Basic Human Aspirations

• Module 2
  

  Harmony in the Human Being: Understanding Human being as the Co-existence of the Self and the Body, Distinguishing between the Needs of the Self and the Body, The Body as an Instrument of the Self, Understanding Harmony in the Self, Harmony of the Self with the Body, Programme to ensure self regulation and Health

• Module 3
  

  Harmony in the Family and Society: Harmony in the Family – the Basic Unit of Human Interaction, 'Trust' – the Foundational Value in Relationship, 'Respect' – as the Right Evaluation, Other Feelings, Justice in Human-to-Human Relationship, Understanding Harmony in the Society, Vision for the Universal Human Order

• Module 4
  

  Harmony in the Nature/Existence: Understanding Harmony in the Nature, Interconnectedness, self-regulation and Mutual Fulfilment among the Four Orders of Nature, Realizing Existence as Co-existence at All Levels, The Holistic Perception of Harmony in Existence

• Module 5
  

  Implications of the Holistic Understanding – a Look at Professional Ethics: Natural Acceptance of Human Values, Definitiveness of (Ethical) Human Conduct, A Basis for Humanistic Education, Humanistic Constitution and Universal Human Order, Competence in Professional Ethics Holistic Technologies, Production Systems and Management Models Typical Case Studies, Strategies for Transition towards Value based Life and Profession